결과와 설명이 일치하지 않네요?
a, b, c 컬럼이 일치하는 다른 테이블을 업데이트 하려면?
결과처럼 나와서는 안될 듯 한데요?
결과는 a, b, c 의 값이 중복되네요?
 - A 01 1 --> 2건
 - C 02 2 --> 2건

/* 다른테이블에 전부 넣으시고 테이블 RENAME 하심이 어떠실지 ./*/
WITH T ( A , B , C , D ) AS ( 
 SELECT 'A', '01' , 1 ,  1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', '01' , 1 ,  3 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'A', '01' , 1 ,  2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', '01' , 1 ,  5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'C', '02' , 2 ,  4 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', '01' , 1 ,  7 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'C', '02' , 2 ,  9 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', '01' , 1 ,  6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'A', '01' , 1 ,  10 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'C', '02' , 2 ,  8 FROM DUAL
)
INSERT INTO TABLE 
SELECT A , B , C , MIN(D) , MAX(D)
  FROM (SELECT A , B, C , D 
             ,(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY A , B , C  ORDER BY D ) - D)  GB 
          FROM T
        )
GROUP BY A , B , C , GB
ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(MIN(D))

MERGE INTO target_t a
USING
(
SELECT a, b, c
     , MIN(d) min_d
     , MAX(d) max_d
  FROM (SELECT a, b, c, d
             , ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY d)
             - ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY a, b, c ORDER BY d) grp
          FROM source_t
         WHERE d >= (SELECT MAX(min_d) FROM target_t) -- 마지막 작업 이후부터 집계
        )
 GROUP BY a, b, c, grp
-- ORDER BY d1
) b
ON (a.a = b.a
AND a.b = b.b
AND a.c = b.c
AND a.min_d = b.min_d
)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  UPDATE SET a.max_d = b.max_d
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT VALUES (b.a, b.b, b.c, b.min_d, b.max_d)
;